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- 1 June 24, 1985"Into the Hands of the Lord" at LastKaren Ann Quinlan: 1954-1985
-
-
- Karen Ann Quinlan could never know that she was a famous legal
- case, that her "right to die" was the subject of a book, Karen
- Ann, and a movie, In the Matter of Karen Ann Quinlan, or that
- on her 31st birthday this past April cards of good wishes came
- from all over the world. Throughout all this, for more than ten
- years, she lay in a coma, curled into a fetal position, shrunken
- to little more than 60 lbs., unable to see or speak.
-
- Her father Joseph, a shipping supervisor at a pharmaceutical
- company, came to visit her every day at the nursing home in
- Morris Plains, N.J.. "It's a habit, a routine," he said to the
- New York Times. "I couldn't break it for the life of me. I
- still have to stop there every day, even in snow, just to be
- sure that she's not lacking for anything." Her mother Julia
- came two or three times a week. "There's a radio in her room
- that is always on," she said, "and once in a while we bring down
- a tape and play some songs for her. I just couldn't imagine
- anyone lying in bed for ten years and not being talked to or
- held or touched."
-
- "Karen is in limbo," the mother said in January. "We're all in
- limbo..."
-
- Until her accident, Karen had lived a fairly ordinary life. She
- was born Mary Anne Monahan in a hospital for unwed mothers in
- Scranton, Pa. The Quinlans adopted her at four weeks, renamed
- her, and gave her a strict Roman Catholic upbringing in Roxbury
- Township, N.J. She was an average student, good at swimming and
- skiing, popular with classmates.
-
- Nobody knows exactly what went wrong in the spring of 1975.
- Karen was having some troubles, getting and losing jobs and
- finally moving in with friends. On the night of April 14, she
- apparently swallowed a number of tranquilizers shortly before
- drinking several gin-and- tonics with friends at a tavern.
- Suddenly she fell unconscious. Seeing that she had stopped
- breathing, her friends called an ambulance. She was given
- oxygen and put on a respirator, but she never regained
- consciousness.
-
- After Karen had remained in a coma for three months with no
- prospect of recovery, her parents asked her two doctors to take
- her off the respirator and let her "pass into the hands of the
- Lord": the doctors refused. With the support of their parish
- priest, the parents went to court to ask permission for Karen
- to die "with grace and dignity." No U.S. court had ever granted
- such a right, and the controversy attracted international
- attention.
-
- The arguments were complex and painful. The Quinlans' lawyer
- argued that Karen had a constitutional right to die, based on
- both freedom of religion and the right to privacy, that it would
- be cruel and unusual punishment to keep her alive "after the
- dignity, beauty, promise and meaning of earthly life have
- vanished." A court- appointed guardian for Karen countered that
- the parents had no right to propose what amounted to euthanasia.
- The doctors' lawyer claimed that no court could determine
- whether or not Karen might yet recover. The state attorney
- general also felt obliged to intervene and sided with the
- doctors.
-
- The judged ruled against the Quinlans, but when they appealed
- to the state supreme court, it granted their plea. In a
- landmark decision based on the right to privacy, it ruled that
- "no compelling interest of the state could compel Karen to
- endure the unendurable." The Quinlans thought their ordeal was
- nearly over. When the respirator was finally turned off,
- however, Karen remained alive, year after year.
-
- The New Jersey landmark was not binding in other states, of
- course, and laws on the right to die remain a confused
- patchwork. Courts have generally but not uniformly ruled that
- a competent patient has a right to refuse medical treatment (34
- states and the District of Columbia recognize "living wills"
- that forbid extreme treatments). The incompetent and comatose
- present complex problems. If doctors and families agree to
- withhold treatment, doctors often quietly practice what they
- call "judicious neglect," but disagreements still end noisily
- in court.
-
- In the matter of Karen Ann Quinlan, the parents' petition has
- finally been granted. After she succumbed to pneumonia last
- week, held in the arms of her weeping mother, Joseph Quinlan
- said, "She died with dignity."
-
- --By Otto Friedrich
-
-